Profit and Loss_8

नाफा र नोक्सान (Profit and Loss)

The concept of Profit and Loss is used in everyday life to determine the price of a commodity in the market and understand how profitable a transaction is. Every product has a cost price and selling price. Based on the values of these prices, we can calculate the profit or the loss on a particular product.

Cost Price (CP)

The amount paid for a product or article to purchase it is called a cost price. It is denoted by CP.

1. CP = SP +Loss
2. CP = SP -Profit
3. CP = \(\dfrac{100}{100 \pm p/l} \times\) SP

Selling Price (SP)

The amount for which the product or article is sold is called Selling Price. It is denoted by SP.

1. SP= CP+Profit
2. SP=CP-Loss
3. SP = \((100 \pm P/L)\% \times\) CP
4. SP = \((100 -D)\% \times\) MP
5. SP = MP – discount

Profit (P) or Gain (g)

The amount gained after selling a product more than its cost price is called profit.

1. Profit = SP – CP
2. Profit % = \(\dfrac{\text{Profit}}{\text{CP}} \times 100\%\)

Loss (L) or Loss (l)

The amount the seller gets after selling the product less than its cost price, is called loss.

1. Loss = CP – SP
2. Loss % = \(\dfrac{\text{Loss}}{\text{CP}} \times 100\%\)

Marked Price (MP)

The price of an article tagged by the shopkeeper is called marked price. This is basically labelled by shopkeepers to offer a discount to the customers. It is denoted by MP.

1. MP=CP+
2. MP=SP+Discount

Discount

The amount given on marked price by lowering the price so that the shopkeeper can promote business to attract more customers.

1. Discount = MP – SP
2. Discount % = \(\dfrac{\text{Discount}}{\text{MP}} \times 100\%\)

VAT (Value Added Tax)

Value-Added Tax (VAT) is a tax on consumer spending. It is collected by VAT-registered traders on their supplies of goods and services. VAT is imposed after the deduction of discount.

1. VAT = ASP-SP
2. VAT % = \(\dfrac{\text{VAT}}{\text{SP}} \times 100\%\)

Extra Tricks

1. For false weight, profit percentage is
   P% = \(\frac{\text{True weight – False weight}}{\text{False weight}} \times 100\%\)
2. When there are two successive profits say \(m\%\) and \(n\%\), then the net percentage profit equals is
   \(\frac{m + n + mn}{100}\)
3. When the profit is \(m\%\) and loss is \(n\%\), then the net % profit or loss is
   \(\frac{m - n - mn}{100}\)
4. If a man purchases A oranges for Rs B and sells C oranges for Rs D, the profit or loss percent is
   % = \(\frac{AD - BC}{BC} \times 100\%\)
5. By selling an item for Rs X, a tradesman would gain/loss Y%. At what price must he sell it to make gain/loss Z% is
   SP = \(\frac{100 \pm Z}{100 \pm Y} \times X\)

Problem Solving Model

Multiple Choice Quiz1: Try it

Question 1 of 5

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Drag and Drop Quiz: नाफा र नोक्सान (Profit and Loss) सूत्रहरू

बायाँबाट सूत्रहरू तान्नुहोस् र तिनीहरूको सही परिभाषामा राख्नुहोस्:

\(\text{SP} - \text{CP}\)

\(\text{CP} - \text{SP}\)

\(\frac{\text{Profit}}{\text{CP}} \times 100\%\)

\(\text{MP} - \text{SP}\)

\(\frac{\text{Discount}}{\text{MP}} \times 100\%\)

\((\text{MP} - \text{Discount})\)

\(\text{ASP} - \text{SP}\)

\(\text{SP} + \text{Loss}\)

नाफा (Profit)

नोक्सान (Loss)

नाफा प्रतिशत (\(P\%\))

छुट रकम (Discount Amount)

छुट प्रतिशत (\(D\%\))

विक्रय मूल्य (SP)

VAT रकम

क्रय मूल्य (CP)

Score: 0/8

Just Remember it

नाफा र नोक्सान (Profit and Loss)

The concept of Profit and Loss is used in everyday life to determine the price of a commodity in the market and understand how profitable a transaction is.

Every product has a cost price and selling price. Based on the values of these prices, we can calculate the profit or the loss on a particular product.

Cost Price (CP)

The amount paid for a product or article to purchase it is called a cost price. It is denoted by CP.

1. CP = SP + Loss
2. CP = SP - Profit
3. CP = \( \dfrac{100}{100 \pm p/l} \times \text{SP} \)

Selling Price (SP)

The amount for which the product or article is sold is called Selling Price. It is denoted by SP.

1. SP = CP + Profit
2. SP = CP - Loss
3. SP = \( (100 \pm P/L)\% \times \text{CP} \)
4. SP = \( (100 - D)\% \times \text{MP} \)
5. SP = MP – Discount

Profit (P) or Gain (g)

The amount gained after selling a product more than its cost price is called profit.

1. Profit = SP – CP
2. Profit % = \( \dfrac{\text{Profit}}{\text{CP}} \times 100\% \)

Loss (L)

The amount the seller gets after selling the product less than its cost price is called loss.

1. Loss = CP – SP
2. Loss % = \( \dfrac{\text{Loss}}{\text{CP}} \times 100\% \)

Marked Price (MP)

The price of an article tagged by the shopkeeper is called marked price. It is denoted by MP.

1. MP = CP + Profit
2. MP = SP + Discount

Discount

The amount given on marked price by lowering the price so that the shopkeeper can promote business to attract more customers.

1. Discount = MP – SP
2. Discount % = \( \dfrac{\text{Discount}}{\text{MP}} \times 100\% \)

VAT (Value Added Tax)

Value-Added Tax (VAT) is a tax on consumer spending. It is collected by VAT-registered traders on their supplies of goods and services. VAT is imposed after the deduction of discount.

1. VAT = ASP – SP
2. VAT % = \( \dfrac{\text{VAT}}{\text{SP}} \times 100\% \)

Extra Tricks

1. For false weight, profit percentage is:
   \( \text{P\%} = \dfrac{\text{True weight – False weight}}{\text{False weight}} \times 100\% \)
2. Two successive profits \(m\%\) and \(n\%\):
   Net Profit % = \( m + n + \dfrac{mn}{100} \)
3. Profit \(m\%\) and loss \(n\%\):
   Net % = \( m - n - \dfrac{mn}{100} \)
4. Buying A oranges for Rs B, selling C oranges for Rs D:
   % = \( \dfrac{AD - BC}{BC} \times 100\% \)
5. Gain/Loss Y% on Rs X, to gain/loss Z%:
   SP = \( \dfrac{100 \pm Z}{100 \pm Y} \times X \)